What are brake pads made out of?
Brake pad friction materials play an important role in the brake system since brakes use friction to brake (decelerate and stop). We always choose the finest materials for consistent performance even under various extreme braking conditions.
Disc brake pads and drum brake shoes are made from a blend of 40 to 60 kinds of raw materials.
Semi-metal formula Metal components account for more than half, steel wool fiber, phenolic resin, friction powder, tire rubber powder, etc.
Low metal formula Metal content is less than half metal, steel wool fiber, copper powder, phenolic resin, friction powder, graphite
The ceramic formula is divided into copper and copper-free, copper powder, phenolic resin, friction powder, zirconium silicate, barium sulfate, graphite, nitrile rubber powder, potassium titanate, DuPont ceramic fiber
More detailed materials such as heavy magnesium, heavy calcium, coke, pulp, barite, antimony oxide, red iron oxide, mica, alumina, norite powder, etc.
Depending on their specific roles, the raw materials are divided into 3 categories: “binders”, “reinforcement & fillers”, and “friction adjustment material.”
Binders are the materials that keep all of the pads’ components together. This material must have a stable and high friction coefficient, be resistant to high temperatures and fast temperature changes, and be light in weight. Mainly phenol resin or modified resins is used currently.
Reinforcement is a fibrous material that is added to the binder to increase its mechanical qualities. Various kinds of organic and inorganic fibers, such as aramid fibers and metal fibers, are used. Fillers are utilized to fill the gaps between the brake pads’ other components.
The friction adjustment material mainly produces and modify the coefficient of friction. They are used for strengthening the effectiveness or stabilizing the performance of friction materials. Various raw materials, such as lubricants, organic fillers, inorganic fillers, abrasive material, and metal powder, are blended as necessary.
What material brake pads are best?
The best material for brake pads depends on various factors, including the vehicle type, driving conditions, and personal preferences. Here are some common brake pad materials and their characteristics:
Semi-metallic Brake Pads
Composition: Made primarily of metal shavings of copper, steel, graphite, and brass bonded with resin.
Pros: Perform well, last longer, and are tough. They are economical and provide good braking power, which is suitable for everyday driving and heavy-duty vehicles like trucks.
Cons: Typically heavier than other types of brake pads, which may slightly affect fuel efficiency. They may also make grinding or squeaking sounds when worn down and require time to warm up in colder climates.
Low-metallic Brake Pads
Composition: Comprise non-metallic components like glass, rubber, and Kevlar bonded in resin.
Pros: Softer and perform better in high-temperature conditions. They are quieter, even after prolonged use, and eco-friendly.
Cons: Not very durable and need replacing sooner. They may produce more dust and are generally less effective in high-speed braking compared to semi-metallic brake pads.
Ceramic Brake Pads
Composition: Made of ceramic materials.
Pros: Offer excellent braking performance, are lightweight, and generate less heat. They are also known for their durability and low dust production.
Cons: Generally more expensive than semi-metallic and organic brake pads.
How to Choose the Right Brake Pads for Your Car?
When choosing the best brake pads for your vehicle, consider the following:
Vehicle Type and Use: For everyday driving, semi-metallic brake pads may be the best choice due to their durability and cost-effectiveness. For high-performance vehicles or those used in racing, ceramic brake pads may offer better braking performance and heat resistance.
Driving Conditions: If you frequently drive in high-temperature environments or need better braking performance in extreme conditions, ceramic brake pads may be a better choice. Organic brake pads may be suitable for low-speed, city driving where noise and dust production are concerns.
Budget: Consider your budget when choosing brake pads. Ceramic brake pads are typically more expensive than semi-metallic and organic options.
In conclusion, the best brake pad material depends on your specific needs and preferences. Consult your vehicle’s manufacturer or a professional mechanic to determine the most suitable brake pads for your vehicle.
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